zorldo

Goofing around with Ebiten
git clone git://bsandro.tech/zorldo
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syscall_windows.go (72567B)


      1 // Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
      2 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
      3 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
      4 
      5 // Windows system calls.
      6 
      7 package windows
      8 
      9 import (
     10 	errorspkg "errors"
     11 	"fmt"
     12 	"runtime"
     13 	"sync"
     14 	"syscall"
     15 	"time"
     16 	"unicode/utf16"
     17 	"unsafe"
     18 
     19 	"golang.org/x/sys/internal/unsafeheader"
     20 )
     21 
     22 type Handle uintptr
     23 type HWND uintptr
     24 
     25 const (
     26 	InvalidHandle = ^Handle(0)
     27 	InvalidHWND   = ^HWND(0)
     28 
     29 	// Flags for DefineDosDevice.
     30 	DDD_EXACT_MATCH_ON_REMOVE = 0x00000004
     31 	DDD_NO_BROADCAST_SYSTEM   = 0x00000008
     32 	DDD_RAW_TARGET_PATH       = 0x00000001
     33 	DDD_REMOVE_DEFINITION     = 0x00000002
     34 
     35 	// Return values for GetDriveType.
     36 	DRIVE_UNKNOWN     = 0
     37 	DRIVE_NO_ROOT_DIR = 1
     38 	DRIVE_REMOVABLE   = 2
     39 	DRIVE_FIXED       = 3
     40 	DRIVE_REMOTE      = 4
     41 	DRIVE_CDROM       = 5
     42 	DRIVE_RAMDISK     = 6
     43 
     44 	// File system flags from GetVolumeInformation and GetVolumeInformationByHandle.
     45 	FILE_CASE_SENSITIVE_SEARCH        = 0x00000001
     46 	FILE_CASE_PRESERVED_NAMES         = 0x00000002
     47 	FILE_FILE_COMPRESSION             = 0x00000010
     48 	FILE_DAX_VOLUME                   = 0x20000000
     49 	FILE_NAMED_STREAMS                = 0x00040000
     50 	FILE_PERSISTENT_ACLS              = 0x00000008
     51 	FILE_READ_ONLY_VOLUME             = 0x00080000
     52 	FILE_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_ONCE        = 0x00100000
     53 	FILE_SUPPORTS_ENCRYPTION          = 0x00020000
     54 	FILE_SUPPORTS_EXTENDED_ATTRIBUTES = 0x00800000
     55 	FILE_SUPPORTS_HARD_LINKS          = 0x00400000
     56 	FILE_SUPPORTS_OBJECT_IDS          = 0x00010000
     57 	FILE_SUPPORTS_OPEN_BY_FILE_ID     = 0x01000000
     58 	FILE_SUPPORTS_REPARSE_POINTS      = 0x00000080
     59 	FILE_SUPPORTS_SPARSE_FILES        = 0x00000040
     60 	FILE_SUPPORTS_TRANSACTIONS        = 0x00200000
     61 	FILE_SUPPORTS_USN_JOURNAL         = 0x02000000
     62 	FILE_UNICODE_ON_DISK              = 0x00000004
     63 	FILE_VOLUME_IS_COMPRESSED         = 0x00008000
     64 	FILE_VOLUME_QUOTAS                = 0x00000020
     65 
     66 	// Flags for LockFileEx.
     67 	LOCKFILE_FAIL_IMMEDIATELY = 0x00000001
     68 	LOCKFILE_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK   = 0x00000002
     69 
     70 	// Return value of SleepEx and other APC functions
     71 	WAIT_IO_COMPLETION = 0x000000C0
     72 )
     73 
     74 // StringToUTF16 is deprecated. Use UTF16FromString instead.
     75 // If s contains a NUL byte this function panics instead of
     76 // returning an error.
     77 func StringToUTF16(s string) []uint16 {
     78 	a, err := UTF16FromString(s)
     79 	if err != nil {
     80 		panic("windows: string with NUL passed to StringToUTF16")
     81 	}
     82 	return a
     83 }
     84 
     85 // UTF16FromString returns the UTF-16 encoding of the UTF-8 string
     86 // s, with a terminating NUL added. If s contains a NUL byte at any
     87 // location, it returns (nil, syscall.EINVAL).
     88 func UTF16FromString(s string) ([]uint16, error) {
     89 	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
     90 		if s[i] == 0 {
     91 			return nil, syscall.EINVAL
     92 		}
     93 	}
     94 	return utf16.Encode([]rune(s + "\x00")), nil
     95 }
     96 
     97 // UTF16ToString returns the UTF-8 encoding of the UTF-16 sequence s,
     98 // with a terminating NUL and any bytes after the NUL removed.
     99 func UTF16ToString(s []uint16) string {
    100 	for i, v := range s {
    101 		if v == 0 {
    102 			s = s[:i]
    103 			break
    104 		}
    105 	}
    106 	return string(utf16.Decode(s))
    107 }
    108 
    109 // StringToUTF16Ptr is deprecated. Use UTF16PtrFromString instead.
    110 // If s contains a NUL byte this function panics instead of
    111 // returning an error.
    112 func StringToUTF16Ptr(s string) *uint16 { return &StringToUTF16(s)[0] }
    113 
    114 // UTF16PtrFromString returns pointer to the UTF-16 encoding of
    115 // the UTF-8 string s, with a terminating NUL added. If s
    116 // contains a NUL byte at any location, it returns (nil, syscall.EINVAL).
    117 func UTF16PtrFromString(s string) (*uint16, error) {
    118 	a, err := UTF16FromString(s)
    119 	if err != nil {
    120 		return nil, err
    121 	}
    122 	return &a[0], nil
    123 }
    124 
    125 // UTF16PtrToString takes a pointer to a UTF-16 sequence and returns the corresponding UTF-8 encoded string.
    126 // If the pointer is nil, it returns the empty string. It assumes that the UTF-16 sequence is terminated
    127 // at a zero word; if the zero word is not present, the program may crash.
    128 func UTF16PtrToString(p *uint16) string {
    129 	if p == nil {
    130 		return ""
    131 	}
    132 	if *p == 0 {
    133 		return ""
    134 	}
    135 
    136 	// Find NUL terminator.
    137 	n := 0
    138 	for ptr := unsafe.Pointer(p); *(*uint16)(ptr) != 0; n++ {
    139 		ptr = unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(ptr) + unsafe.Sizeof(*p))
    140 	}
    141 
    142 	var s []uint16
    143 	h := (*unsafeheader.Slice)(unsafe.Pointer(&s))
    144 	h.Data = unsafe.Pointer(p)
    145 	h.Len = n
    146 	h.Cap = n
    147 
    148 	return string(utf16.Decode(s))
    149 }
    150 
    151 func Getpagesize() int { return 4096 }
    152 
    153 // NewCallback converts a Go function to a function pointer conforming to the stdcall calling convention.
    154 // This is useful when interoperating with Windows code requiring callbacks.
    155 // The argument is expected to be a function with with one uintptr-sized result. The function must not have arguments with size larger than the size of uintptr.
    156 func NewCallback(fn interface{}) uintptr {
    157 	return syscall.NewCallback(fn)
    158 }
    159 
    160 // NewCallbackCDecl converts a Go function to a function pointer conforming to the cdecl calling convention.
    161 // This is useful when interoperating with Windows code requiring callbacks.
    162 // The argument is expected to be a function with with one uintptr-sized result. The function must not have arguments with size larger than the size of uintptr.
    163 func NewCallbackCDecl(fn interface{}) uintptr {
    164 	return syscall.NewCallbackCDecl(fn)
    165 }
    166 
    167 // windows api calls
    168 
    169 //sys	GetLastError() (lasterr error)
    170 //sys	LoadLibrary(libname string) (handle Handle, err error) = LoadLibraryW
    171 //sys	LoadLibraryEx(libname string, zero Handle, flags uintptr) (handle Handle, err error) = LoadLibraryExW
    172 //sys	FreeLibrary(handle Handle) (err error)
    173 //sys	GetProcAddress(module Handle, procname string) (proc uintptr, err error)
    174 //sys	GetModuleFileName(module Handle, filename *uint16, size uint32) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetModuleFileNameW
    175 //sys	GetModuleHandleEx(flags uint32, moduleName *uint16, module *Handle) (err error) = kernel32.GetModuleHandleExW
    176 //sys	SetDefaultDllDirectories(directoryFlags uint32) (err error)
    177 //sys	SetDllDirectory(path string) (err error) = kernel32.SetDllDirectoryW
    178 //sys	GetVersion() (ver uint32, err error)
    179 //sys	FormatMessage(flags uint32, msgsrc uintptr, msgid uint32, langid uint32, buf []uint16, args *byte) (n uint32, err error) = FormatMessageW
    180 //sys	ExitProcess(exitcode uint32)
    181 //sys	IsWow64Process(handle Handle, isWow64 *bool) (err error) = IsWow64Process
    182 //sys	IsWow64Process2(handle Handle, processMachine *uint16, nativeMachine *uint16) (err error) = IsWow64Process2?
    183 //sys	CreateFile(name *uint16, access uint32, mode uint32, sa *SecurityAttributes, createmode uint32, attrs uint32, templatefile Handle) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = CreateFileW
    184 //sys	CreateNamedPipe(name *uint16, flags uint32, pipeMode uint32, maxInstances uint32, outSize uint32, inSize uint32, defaultTimeout uint32, sa *SecurityAttributes) (handle Handle, err error)  [failretval==InvalidHandle] = CreateNamedPipeW
    185 //sys	ConnectNamedPipe(pipe Handle, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
    186 //sys	GetNamedPipeInfo(pipe Handle, flags *uint32, outSize *uint32, inSize *uint32, maxInstances *uint32) (err error)
    187 //sys	GetNamedPipeHandleState(pipe Handle, state *uint32, curInstances *uint32, maxCollectionCount *uint32, collectDataTimeout *uint32, userName *uint16, maxUserNameSize uint32) (err error) = GetNamedPipeHandleStateW
    188 //sys	SetNamedPipeHandleState(pipe Handle, state *uint32, maxCollectionCount *uint32, collectDataTimeout *uint32) (err error) = SetNamedPipeHandleState
    189 //sys	ReadFile(handle Handle, buf []byte, done *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
    190 //sys	WriteFile(handle Handle, buf []byte, done *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
    191 //sys	GetOverlappedResult(handle Handle, overlapped *Overlapped, done *uint32, wait bool) (err error)
    192 //sys	SetFilePointer(handle Handle, lowoffset int32, highoffsetptr *int32, whence uint32) (newlowoffset uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff]
    193 //sys	CloseHandle(handle Handle) (err error)
    194 //sys	GetStdHandle(stdhandle uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle]
    195 //sys	SetStdHandle(stdhandle uint32, handle Handle) (err error)
    196 //sys	findFirstFile1(name *uint16, data *win32finddata1) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = FindFirstFileW
    197 //sys	findNextFile1(handle Handle, data *win32finddata1) (err error) = FindNextFileW
    198 //sys	FindClose(handle Handle) (err error)
    199 //sys	GetFileInformationByHandle(handle Handle, data *ByHandleFileInformation) (err error)
    200 //sys	GetFileInformationByHandleEx(handle Handle, class uint32, outBuffer *byte, outBufferLen uint32) (err error)
    201 //sys	SetFileInformationByHandle(handle Handle, class uint32, inBuffer *byte, inBufferLen uint32) (err error)
    202 //sys	GetCurrentDirectory(buflen uint32, buf *uint16) (n uint32, err error) = GetCurrentDirectoryW
    203 //sys	SetCurrentDirectory(path *uint16) (err error) = SetCurrentDirectoryW
    204 //sys	CreateDirectory(path *uint16, sa *SecurityAttributes) (err error) = CreateDirectoryW
    205 //sys	RemoveDirectory(path *uint16) (err error) = RemoveDirectoryW
    206 //sys	DeleteFile(path *uint16) (err error) = DeleteFileW
    207 //sys	MoveFile(from *uint16, to *uint16) (err error) = MoveFileW
    208 //sys	MoveFileEx(from *uint16, to *uint16, flags uint32) (err error) = MoveFileExW
    209 //sys	LockFileEx(file Handle, flags uint32, reserved uint32, bytesLow uint32, bytesHigh uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
    210 //sys	UnlockFileEx(file Handle, reserved uint32, bytesLow uint32, bytesHigh uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
    211 //sys	GetComputerName(buf *uint16, n *uint32) (err error) = GetComputerNameW
    212 //sys	GetComputerNameEx(nametype uint32, buf *uint16, n *uint32) (err error) = GetComputerNameExW
    213 //sys	SetEndOfFile(handle Handle) (err error)
    214 //sys	GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(time *Filetime)
    215 //sys	GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime(time *Filetime)
    216 //sys	GetTimeZoneInformation(tzi *Timezoneinformation) (rc uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff]
    217 //sys	CreateIoCompletionPort(filehandle Handle, cphandle Handle, key uintptr, threadcnt uint32) (handle Handle, err error)
    218 //sys	GetQueuedCompletionStatus(cphandle Handle, qty *uint32, key *uintptr, overlapped **Overlapped, timeout uint32) (err error)
    219 //sys	PostQueuedCompletionStatus(cphandle Handle, qty uint32, key uintptr, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
    220 //sys	CancelIo(s Handle) (err error)
    221 //sys	CancelIoEx(s Handle, o *Overlapped) (err error)
    222 //sys	CreateProcess(appName *uint16, commandLine *uint16, procSecurity *SecurityAttributes, threadSecurity *SecurityAttributes, inheritHandles bool, creationFlags uint32, env *uint16, currentDir *uint16, startupInfo *StartupInfo, outProcInfo *ProcessInformation) (err error) = CreateProcessW
    223 //sys	CreateProcessAsUser(token Token, appName *uint16, commandLine *uint16, procSecurity *SecurityAttributes, threadSecurity *SecurityAttributes, inheritHandles bool, creationFlags uint32, env *uint16, currentDir *uint16, startupInfo *StartupInfo, outProcInfo *ProcessInformation) (err error) = advapi32.CreateProcessAsUserW
    224 //sys   initializeProcThreadAttributeList(attrlist *ProcThreadAttributeList, attrcount uint32, flags uint32, size *uintptr) (err error) = InitializeProcThreadAttributeList
    225 //sys   deleteProcThreadAttributeList(attrlist *ProcThreadAttributeList) = DeleteProcThreadAttributeList
    226 //sys   updateProcThreadAttribute(attrlist *ProcThreadAttributeList, flags uint32, attr uintptr, value unsafe.Pointer, size uintptr, prevvalue unsafe.Pointer, returnedsize *uintptr) (err error) = UpdateProcThreadAttribute
    227 //sys	OpenProcess(desiredAccess uint32, inheritHandle bool, processId uint32) (handle Handle, err error)
    228 //sys	ShellExecute(hwnd Handle, verb *uint16, file *uint16, args *uint16, cwd *uint16, showCmd int32) (err error) [failretval<=32] = shell32.ShellExecuteW
    229 //sys	GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd HWND, pid *uint32) (tid uint32, err error) = user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId
    230 //sys	GetShellWindow() (shellWindow HWND) = user32.GetShellWindow
    231 //sys	MessageBox(hwnd HWND, text *uint16, caption *uint16, boxtype uint32) (ret int32, err error) [failretval==0] = user32.MessageBoxW
    232 //sys	ExitWindowsEx(flags uint32, reason uint32) (err error) = user32.ExitWindowsEx
    233 //sys	shGetKnownFolderPath(id *KNOWNFOLDERID, flags uint32, token Token, path **uint16) (ret error) = shell32.SHGetKnownFolderPath
    234 //sys	TerminateProcess(handle Handle, exitcode uint32) (err error)
    235 //sys	GetExitCodeProcess(handle Handle, exitcode *uint32) (err error)
    236 //sys	GetStartupInfo(startupInfo *StartupInfo) (err error) = GetStartupInfoW
    237 //sys	GetProcessTimes(handle Handle, creationTime *Filetime, exitTime *Filetime, kernelTime *Filetime, userTime *Filetime) (err error)
    238 //sys	DuplicateHandle(hSourceProcessHandle Handle, hSourceHandle Handle, hTargetProcessHandle Handle, lpTargetHandle *Handle, dwDesiredAccess uint32, bInheritHandle bool, dwOptions uint32) (err error)
    239 //sys	WaitForSingleObject(handle Handle, waitMilliseconds uint32) (event uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff]
    240 //sys	waitForMultipleObjects(count uint32, handles uintptr, waitAll bool, waitMilliseconds uint32) (event uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff] = WaitForMultipleObjects
    241 //sys	GetTempPath(buflen uint32, buf *uint16) (n uint32, err error) = GetTempPathW
    242 //sys	CreatePipe(readhandle *Handle, writehandle *Handle, sa *SecurityAttributes, size uint32) (err error)
    243 //sys	GetFileType(filehandle Handle) (n uint32, err error)
    244 //sys	CryptAcquireContext(provhandle *Handle, container *uint16, provider *uint16, provtype uint32, flags uint32) (err error) = advapi32.CryptAcquireContextW
    245 //sys	CryptReleaseContext(provhandle Handle, flags uint32) (err error) = advapi32.CryptReleaseContext
    246 //sys	CryptGenRandom(provhandle Handle, buflen uint32, buf *byte) (err error) = advapi32.CryptGenRandom
    247 //sys	GetEnvironmentStrings() (envs *uint16, err error) [failretval==nil] = kernel32.GetEnvironmentStringsW
    248 //sys	FreeEnvironmentStrings(envs *uint16) (err error) = kernel32.FreeEnvironmentStringsW
    249 //sys	GetEnvironmentVariable(name *uint16, buffer *uint16, size uint32) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetEnvironmentVariableW
    250 //sys	SetEnvironmentVariable(name *uint16, value *uint16) (err error) = kernel32.SetEnvironmentVariableW
    251 //sys	CreateEnvironmentBlock(block **uint16, token Token, inheritExisting bool) (err error) = userenv.CreateEnvironmentBlock
    252 //sys	DestroyEnvironmentBlock(block *uint16) (err error) = userenv.DestroyEnvironmentBlock
    253 //sys	getTickCount64() (ms uint64) = kernel32.GetTickCount64
    254 //sys	SetFileTime(handle Handle, ctime *Filetime, atime *Filetime, wtime *Filetime) (err error)
    255 //sys	GetFileAttributes(name *uint16) (attrs uint32, err error) [failretval==INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES] = kernel32.GetFileAttributesW
    256 //sys	SetFileAttributes(name *uint16, attrs uint32) (err error) = kernel32.SetFileAttributesW
    257 //sys	GetFileAttributesEx(name *uint16, level uint32, info *byte) (err error) = kernel32.GetFileAttributesExW
    258 //sys	GetCommandLine() (cmd *uint16) = kernel32.GetCommandLineW
    259 //sys	CommandLineToArgv(cmd *uint16, argc *int32) (argv *[8192]*[8192]uint16, err error) [failretval==nil] = shell32.CommandLineToArgvW
    260 //sys	LocalFree(hmem Handle) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval!=0]
    261 //sys	LocalAlloc(flags uint32, length uint32) (ptr uintptr, err error)
    262 //sys	SetHandleInformation(handle Handle, mask uint32, flags uint32) (err error)
    263 //sys	FlushFileBuffers(handle Handle) (err error)
    264 //sys	GetFullPathName(path *uint16, buflen uint32, buf *uint16, fname **uint16) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetFullPathNameW
    265 //sys	GetLongPathName(path *uint16, buf *uint16, buflen uint32) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetLongPathNameW
    266 //sys	GetShortPathName(longpath *uint16, shortpath *uint16, buflen uint32) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetShortPathNameW
    267 //sys	GetFinalPathNameByHandle(file Handle, filePath *uint16, filePathSize uint32, flags uint32) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetFinalPathNameByHandleW
    268 //sys	CreateFileMapping(fhandle Handle, sa *SecurityAttributes, prot uint32, maxSizeHigh uint32, maxSizeLow uint32, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval == 0 || e1 == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS] = kernel32.CreateFileMappingW
    269 //sys	MapViewOfFile(handle Handle, access uint32, offsetHigh uint32, offsetLow uint32, length uintptr) (addr uintptr, err error)
    270 //sys	UnmapViewOfFile(addr uintptr) (err error)
    271 //sys	FlushViewOfFile(addr uintptr, length uintptr) (err error)
    272 //sys	VirtualLock(addr uintptr, length uintptr) (err error)
    273 //sys	VirtualUnlock(addr uintptr, length uintptr) (err error)
    274 //sys	VirtualAlloc(address uintptr, size uintptr, alloctype uint32, protect uint32) (value uintptr, err error) = kernel32.VirtualAlloc
    275 //sys	VirtualFree(address uintptr, size uintptr, freetype uint32) (err error) = kernel32.VirtualFree
    276 //sys	VirtualProtect(address uintptr, size uintptr, newprotect uint32, oldprotect *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.VirtualProtect
    277 //sys	TransmitFile(s Handle, handle Handle, bytesToWrite uint32, bytsPerSend uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, transmitFileBuf *TransmitFileBuffers, flags uint32) (err error) = mswsock.TransmitFile
    278 //sys	ReadDirectoryChanges(handle Handle, buf *byte, buflen uint32, watchSubTree bool, mask uint32, retlen *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, completionRoutine uintptr) (err error) = kernel32.ReadDirectoryChangesW
    279 //sys	FindFirstChangeNotification(path string, watchSubtree bool, notifyFilter uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = kernel32.FindFirstChangeNotificationW
    280 //sys	FindNextChangeNotification(handle Handle) (err error)
    281 //sys	FindCloseChangeNotification(handle Handle) (err error)
    282 //sys	CertOpenSystemStore(hprov Handle, name *uint16) (store Handle, err error) = crypt32.CertOpenSystemStoreW
    283 //sys	CertOpenStore(storeProvider uintptr, msgAndCertEncodingType uint32, cryptProv uintptr, flags uint32, para uintptr) (handle Handle, err error) = crypt32.CertOpenStore
    284 //sys	CertEnumCertificatesInStore(store Handle, prevContext *CertContext) (context *CertContext, err error) [failretval==nil] = crypt32.CertEnumCertificatesInStore
    285 //sys	CertAddCertificateContextToStore(store Handle, certContext *CertContext, addDisposition uint32, storeContext **CertContext) (err error) = crypt32.CertAddCertificateContextToStore
    286 //sys	CertCloseStore(store Handle, flags uint32) (err error) = crypt32.CertCloseStore
    287 //sys	CertDeleteCertificateFromStore(certContext *CertContext) (err error) = crypt32.CertDeleteCertificateFromStore
    288 //sys	CertDuplicateCertificateContext(certContext *CertContext) (dupContext *CertContext) = crypt32.CertDuplicateCertificateContext
    289 //sys	PFXImportCertStore(pfx *CryptDataBlob, password *uint16, flags uint32) (store Handle, err error) = crypt32.PFXImportCertStore
    290 //sys	CertGetCertificateChain(engine Handle, leaf *CertContext, time *Filetime, additionalStore Handle, para *CertChainPara, flags uint32, reserved uintptr, chainCtx **CertChainContext) (err error) = crypt32.CertGetCertificateChain
    291 //sys	CertFreeCertificateChain(ctx *CertChainContext) = crypt32.CertFreeCertificateChain
    292 //sys	CertCreateCertificateContext(certEncodingType uint32, certEncoded *byte, encodedLen uint32) (context *CertContext, err error) [failretval==nil] = crypt32.CertCreateCertificateContext
    293 //sys	CertFreeCertificateContext(ctx *CertContext) (err error) = crypt32.CertFreeCertificateContext
    294 //sys	CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy(policyOID uintptr, chain *CertChainContext, para *CertChainPolicyPara, status *CertChainPolicyStatus) (err error) = crypt32.CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy
    295 //sys	CertGetNameString(certContext *CertContext, nameType uint32, flags uint32, typePara unsafe.Pointer, name *uint16, size uint32) (chars uint32) = crypt32.CertGetNameStringW
    296 //sys	CertFindExtension(objId *byte, countExtensions uint32, extensions *CertExtension) (ret *CertExtension) = crypt32.CertFindExtension
    297 //sys   CertFindCertificateInStore(store Handle, certEncodingType uint32, findFlags uint32, findType uint32, findPara unsafe.Pointer, prevCertContext *CertContext) (cert *CertContext, err error) [failretval==nil] = crypt32.CertFindCertificateInStore
    298 //sys   CertFindChainInStore(store Handle, certEncodingType uint32, findFlags uint32, findType uint32, findPara unsafe.Pointer, prevChainContext *CertChainContext) (certchain *CertChainContext, err error) [failretval==nil] = crypt32.CertFindChainInStore
    299 //sys   CryptAcquireCertificatePrivateKey(cert *CertContext, flags uint32, parameters unsafe.Pointer, cryptProvOrNCryptKey *Handle, keySpec *uint32, callerFreeProvOrNCryptKey *bool) (err error) = crypt32.CryptAcquireCertificatePrivateKey
    300 //sys	CryptQueryObject(objectType uint32, object unsafe.Pointer, expectedContentTypeFlags uint32, expectedFormatTypeFlags uint32, flags uint32, msgAndCertEncodingType *uint32, contentType *uint32, formatType *uint32, certStore *Handle, msg *Handle, context *unsafe.Pointer) (err error) = crypt32.CryptQueryObject
    301 //sys	CryptDecodeObject(encodingType uint32, structType *byte, encodedBytes *byte, lenEncodedBytes uint32, flags uint32, decoded unsafe.Pointer, decodedLen *uint32) (err error) = crypt32.CryptDecodeObject
    302 //sys	CryptProtectData(dataIn *DataBlob, name *uint16, optionalEntropy *DataBlob, reserved uintptr, promptStruct *CryptProtectPromptStruct, flags uint32, dataOut *DataBlob) (err error) = crypt32.CryptProtectData
    303 //sys	CryptUnprotectData(dataIn *DataBlob, name **uint16, optionalEntropy *DataBlob, reserved uintptr, promptStruct *CryptProtectPromptStruct, flags uint32, dataOut *DataBlob) (err error) = crypt32.CryptUnprotectData
    304 //sys	WinVerifyTrustEx(hwnd HWND, actionId *GUID, data *WinTrustData) (ret error) = wintrust.WinVerifyTrustEx
    305 //sys	RegOpenKeyEx(key Handle, subkey *uint16, options uint32, desiredAccess uint32, result *Handle) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegOpenKeyExW
    306 //sys	RegCloseKey(key Handle) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegCloseKey
    307 //sys	RegQueryInfoKey(key Handle, class *uint16, classLen *uint32, reserved *uint32, subkeysLen *uint32, maxSubkeyLen *uint32, maxClassLen *uint32, valuesLen *uint32, maxValueNameLen *uint32, maxValueLen *uint32, saLen *uint32, lastWriteTime *Filetime) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegQueryInfoKeyW
    308 //sys	RegEnumKeyEx(key Handle, index uint32, name *uint16, nameLen *uint32, reserved *uint32, class *uint16, classLen *uint32, lastWriteTime *Filetime) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegEnumKeyExW
    309 //sys	RegQueryValueEx(key Handle, name *uint16, reserved *uint32, valtype *uint32, buf *byte, buflen *uint32) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegQueryValueExW
    310 //sys	RegNotifyChangeKeyValue(key Handle, watchSubtree bool, notifyFilter uint32, event Handle, asynchronous bool) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegNotifyChangeKeyValue
    311 //sys	GetCurrentProcessId() (pid uint32) = kernel32.GetCurrentProcessId
    312 //sys	ProcessIdToSessionId(pid uint32, sessionid *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.ProcessIdToSessionId
    313 //sys	GetConsoleMode(console Handle, mode *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetConsoleMode
    314 //sys	SetConsoleMode(console Handle, mode uint32) (err error) = kernel32.SetConsoleMode
    315 //sys	GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(console Handle, info *ConsoleScreenBufferInfo) (err error) = kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo
    316 //sys	setConsoleCursorPosition(console Handle, position uint32) (err error) = kernel32.SetConsoleCursorPosition
    317 //sys	WriteConsole(console Handle, buf *uint16, towrite uint32, written *uint32, reserved *byte) (err error) = kernel32.WriteConsoleW
    318 //sys	ReadConsole(console Handle, buf *uint16, toread uint32, read *uint32, inputControl *byte) (err error) = kernel32.ReadConsoleW
    319 //sys	CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(flags uint32, processId uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = kernel32.CreateToolhelp32Snapshot
    320 //sys	Process32First(snapshot Handle, procEntry *ProcessEntry32) (err error) = kernel32.Process32FirstW
    321 //sys	Process32Next(snapshot Handle, procEntry *ProcessEntry32) (err error) = kernel32.Process32NextW
    322 //sys	Thread32First(snapshot Handle, threadEntry *ThreadEntry32) (err error)
    323 //sys	Thread32Next(snapshot Handle, threadEntry *ThreadEntry32) (err error)
    324 //sys	DeviceIoControl(handle Handle, ioControlCode uint32, inBuffer *byte, inBufferSize uint32, outBuffer *byte, outBufferSize uint32, bytesReturned *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
    325 // This function returns 1 byte BOOLEAN rather than the 4 byte BOOL.
    326 //sys	CreateSymbolicLink(symlinkfilename *uint16, targetfilename *uint16, flags uint32) (err error) [failretval&0xff==0] = CreateSymbolicLinkW
    327 //sys	CreateHardLink(filename *uint16, existingfilename *uint16, reserved uintptr) (err error) [failretval&0xff==0] = CreateHardLinkW
    328 //sys	GetCurrentThreadId() (id uint32)
    329 //sys	CreateEvent(eventAttrs *SecurityAttributes, manualReset uint32, initialState uint32, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval == 0 || e1 == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS] = kernel32.CreateEventW
    330 //sys	CreateEventEx(eventAttrs *SecurityAttributes, name *uint16, flags uint32, desiredAccess uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval == 0 || e1 == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS] = kernel32.CreateEventExW
    331 //sys	OpenEvent(desiredAccess uint32, inheritHandle bool, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) = kernel32.OpenEventW
    332 //sys	SetEvent(event Handle) (err error) = kernel32.SetEvent
    333 //sys	ResetEvent(event Handle) (err error) = kernel32.ResetEvent
    334 //sys	PulseEvent(event Handle) (err error) = kernel32.PulseEvent
    335 //sys	CreateMutex(mutexAttrs *SecurityAttributes, initialOwner bool, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval == 0 || e1 == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS] = kernel32.CreateMutexW
    336 //sys	CreateMutexEx(mutexAttrs *SecurityAttributes, name *uint16, flags uint32, desiredAccess uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval == 0 || e1 == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS] = kernel32.CreateMutexExW
    337 //sys	OpenMutex(desiredAccess uint32, inheritHandle bool, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) = kernel32.OpenMutexW
    338 //sys	ReleaseMutex(mutex Handle) (err error) = kernel32.ReleaseMutex
    339 //sys	SleepEx(milliseconds uint32, alertable bool) (ret uint32) = kernel32.SleepEx
    340 //sys	CreateJobObject(jobAttr *SecurityAttributes, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) = kernel32.CreateJobObjectW
    341 //sys	AssignProcessToJobObject(job Handle, process Handle) (err error) = kernel32.AssignProcessToJobObject
    342 //sys	TerminateJobObject(job Handle, exitCode uint32) (err error) = kernel32.TerminateJobObject
    343 //sys	SetErrorMode(mode uint32) (ret uint32) = kernel32.SetErrorMode
    344 //sys	ResumeThread(thread Handle) (ret uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff] = kernel32.ResumeThread
    345 //sys	SetPriorityClass(process Handle, priorityClass uint32) (err error) = kernel32.SetPriorityClass
    346 //sys	GetPriorityClass(process Handle) (ret uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetPriorityClass
    347 //sys	QueryInformationJobObject(job Handle, JobObjectInformationClass int32, JobObjectInformation uintptr, JobObjectInformationLength uint32, retlen *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.QueryInformationJobObject
    348 //sys	SetInformationJobObject(job Handle, JobObjectInformationClass uint32, JobObjectInformation uintptr, JobObjectInformationLength uint32) (ret int, err error)
    349 //sys	GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent(ctrlEvent uint32, processGroupID uint32) (err error)
    350 //sys	GetProcessId(process Handle) (id uint32, err error)
    351 //sys	QueryFullProcessImageName(proc Handle, flags uint32, exeName *uint16, size *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.QueryFullProcessImageNameW
    352 //sys	OpenThread(desiredAccess uint32, inheritHandle bool, threadId uint32) (handle Handle, err error)
    353 //sys	SetProcessPriorityBoost(process Handle, disable bool) (err error) = kernel32.SetProcessPriorityBoost
    354 //sys	GetProcessWorkingSetSizeEx(hProcess Handle, lpMinimumWorkingSetSize *uintptr, lpMaximumWorkingSetSize *uintptr, flags *uint32)
    355 //sys	SetProcessWorkingSetSizeEx(hProcess Handle, dwMinimumWorkingSetSize uintptr, dwMaximumWorkingSetSize uintptr, flags uint32) (err error)
    356 //sys	GetCommTimeouts(handle Handle, timeouts *CommTimeouts) (err error)
    357 //sys	SetCommTimeouts(handle Handle, timeouts *CommTimeouts) (err error)
    358 
    359 // Volume Management Functions
    360 //sys	DefineDosDevice(flags uint32, deviceName *uint16, targetPath *uint16) (err error) = DefineDosDeviceW
    361 //sys	DeleteVolumeMountPoint(volumeMountPoint *uint16) (err error) = DeleteVolumeMountPointW
    362 //sys	FindFirstVolume(volumeName *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = FindFirstVolumeW
    363 //sys	FindFirstVolumeMountPoint(rootPathName *uint16, volumeMountPoint *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = FindFirstVolumeMountPointW
    364 //sys	FindNextVolume(findVolume Handle, volumeName *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (err error) = FindNextVolumeW
    365 //sys	FindNextVolumeMountPoint(findVolumeMountPoint Handle, volumeMountPoint *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (err error) = FindNextVolumeMountPointW
    366 //sys	FindVolumeClose(findVolume Handle) (err error)
    367 //sys	FindVolumeMountPointClose(findVolumeMountPoint Handle) (err error)
    368 //sys	GetDiskFreeSpaceEx(directoryName *uint16, freeBytesAvailableToCaller *uint64, totalNumberOfBytes *uint64, totalNumberOfFreeBytes *uint64) (err error) = GetDiskFreeSpaceExW
    369 //sys	GetDriveType(rootPathName *uint16) (driveType uint32) = GetDriveTypeW
    370 //sys	GetLogicalDrives() (drivesBitMask uint32, err error) [failretval==0]
    371 //sys	GetLogicalDriveStrings(bufferLength uint32, buffer *uint16) (n uint32, err error) [failretval==0] = GetLogicalDriveStringsW
    372 //sys	GetVolumeInformation(rootPathName *uint16, volumeNameBuffer *uint16, volumeNameSize uint32, volumeNameSerialNumber *uint32, maximumComponentLength *uint32, fileSystemFlags *uint32, fileSystemNameBuffer *uint16, fileSystemNameSize uint32) (err error) = GetVolumeInformationW
    373 //sys	GetVolumeInformationByHandle(file Handle, volumeNameBuffer *uint16, volumeNameSize uint32, volumeNameSerialNumber *uint32, maximumComponentLength *uint32, fileSystemFlags *uint32, fileSystemNameBuffer *uint16, fileSystemNameSize uint32) (err error) = GetVolumeInformationByHandleW
    374 //sys	GetVolumeNameForVolumeMountPoint(volumeMountPoint *uint16, volumeName *uint16, bufferlength uint32) (err error) = GetVolumeNameForVolumeMountPointW
    375 //sys	GetVolumePathName(fileName *uint16, volumePathName *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (err error) = GetVolumePathNameW
    376 //sys	GetVolumePathNamesForVolumeName(volumeName *uint16, volumePathNames *uint16, bufferLength uint32, returnLength *uint32) (err error) = GetVolumePathNamesForVolumeNameW
    377 //sys	QueryDosDevice(deviceName *uint16, targetPath *uint16, max uint32) (n uint32, err error) [failretval==0] = QueryDosDeviceW
    378 //sys	SetVolumeLabel(rootPathName *uint16, volumeName *uint16) (err error) = SetVolumeLabelW
    379 //sys	SetVolumeMountPoint(volumeMountPoint *uint16, volumeName *uint16) (err error) = SetVolumeMountPointW
    380 //sys	InitiateSystemShutdownEx(machineName *uint16, message *uint16, timeout uint32, forceAppsClosed bool, rebootAfterShutdown bool, reason uint32) (err error) = advapi32.InitiateSystemShutdownExW
    381 //sys	SetProcessShutdownParameters(level uint32, flags uint32) (err error) = kernel32.SetProcessShutdownParameters
    382 //sys	GetProcessShutdownParameters(level *uint32, flags *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetProcessShutdownParameters
    383 //sys	clsidFromString(lpsz *uint16, pclsid *GUID) (ret error) = ole32.CLSIDFromString
    384 //sys	stringFromGUID2(rguid *GUID, lpsz *uint16, cchMax int32) (chars int32) = ole32.StringFromGUID2
    385 //sys	coCreateGuid(pguid *GUID) (ret error) = ole32.CoCreateGuid
    386 //sys	CoTaskMemFree(address unsafe.Pointer) = ole32.CoTaskMemFree
    387 //sys	CoInitializeEx(reserved uintptr, coInit uint32) (ret error) = ole32.CoInitializeEx
    388 //sys	CoUninitialize() = ole32.CoUninitialize
    389 //sys	CoGetObject(name *uint16, bindOpts *BIND_OPTS3, guid *GUID, functionTable **uintptr) (ret error) = ole32.CoGetObject
    390 //sys	getProcessPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetProcessPreferredUILanguages
    391 //sys	getThreadPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetThreadPreferredUILanguages
    392 //sys	getUserPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetUserPreferredUILanguages
    393 //sys	getSystemPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetSystemPreferredUILanguages
    394 //sys	findResource(module Handle, name uintptr, resType uintptr) (resInfo Handle, err error) = kernel32.FindResourceW
    395 //sys	SizeofResource(module Handle, resInfo Handle) (size uint32, err error) = kernel32.SizeofResource
    396 //sys	LoadResource(module Handle, resInfo Handle) (resData Handle, err error) = kernel32.LoadResource
    397 //sys	LockResource(resData Handle) (addr uintptr, err error) = kernel32.LockResource
    398 
    399 // Process Status API (PSAPI)
    400 //sys	EnumProcesses(processIds []uint32, bytesReturned *uint32) (err error) = psapi.EnumProcesses
    401 
    402 // NT Native APIs
    403 //sys	rtlNtStatusToDosErrorNoTeb(ntstatus NTStatus) (ret syscall.Errno) = ntdll.RtlNtStatusToDosErrorNoTeb
    404 //sys	rtlGetVersion(info *OsVersionInfoEx) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.RtlGetVersion
    405 //sys	rtlGetNtVersionNumbers(majorVersion *uint32, minorVersion *uint32, buildNumber *uint32) = ntdll.RtlGetNtVersionNumbers
    406 //sys	RtlGetCurrentPeb() (peb *PEB) = ntdll.RtlGetCurrentPeb
    407 //sys	RtlInitUnicodeString(destinationString *NTUnicodeString, sourceString *uint16) = ntdll.RtlInitUnicodeString
    408 //sys	RtlInitString(destinationString *NTString, sourceString *byte) = ntdll.RtlInitString
    409 //sys	NtCreateFile(handle *Handle, access uint32, oa *OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES, iosb *IO_STATUS_BLOCK, allocationSize *int64, attributes uint32, share uint32, disposition uint32, options uint32, eabuffer uintptr, ealength uint32) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.NtCreateFile
    410 //sys	NtCreateNamedPipeFile(pipe *Handle, access uint32, oa *OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES, iosb *IO_STATUS_BLOCK, share uint32, disposition uint32, options uint32, typ uint32, readMode uint32, completionMode uint32, maxInstances uint32, inboundQuota uint32, outputQuota uint32, timeout *int64) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.NtCreateNamedPipeFile
    411 //sys	RtlDosPathNameToNtPathName(dosName *uint16, ntName *NTUnicodeString, ntFileNamePart *uint16, relativeName *RTL_RELATIVE_NAME) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.RtlDosPathNameToNtPathName_U_WithStatus
    412 //sys	RtlDosPathNameToRelativeNtPathName(dosName *uint16, ntName *NTUnicodeString, ntFileNamePart *uint16, relativeName *RTL_RELATIVE_NAME) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.RtlDosPathNameToRelativeNtPathName_U_WithStatus
    413 //sys	RtlDefaultNpAcl(acl **ACL) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.RtlDefaultNpAcl
    414 //sys	NtQueryInformationProcess(proc Handle, procInfoClass int32, procInfo unsafe.Pointer, procInfoLen uint32, retLen *uint32) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.NtQueryInformationProcess
    415 //sys	NtSetInformationProcess(proc Handle, procInfoClass int32, procInfo unsafe.Pointer, procInfoLen uint32) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.NtSetInformationProcess
    416 
    417 // syscall interface implementation for other packages
    418 
    419 // GetCurrentProcess returns the handle for the current process.
    420 // It is a pseudo handle that does not need to be closed.
    421 // The returned error is always nil.
    422 //
    423 // Deprecated: use CurrentProcess for the same Handle without the nil
    424 // error.
    425 func GetCurrentProcess() (Handle, error) {
    426 	return CurrentProcess(), nil
    427 }
    428 
    429 // CurrentProcess returns the handle for the current process.
    430 // It is a pseudo handle that does not need to be closed.
    431 func CurrentProcess() Handle { return Handle(^uintptr(1 - 1)) }
    432 
    433 // GetCurrentThread returns the handle for the current thread.
    434 // It is a pseudo handle that does not need to be closed.
    435 // The returned error is always nil.
    436 //
    437 // Deprecated: use CurrentThread for the same Handle without the nil
    438 // error.
    439 func GetCurrentThread() (Handle, error) {
    440 	return CurrentThread(), nil
    441 }
    442 
    443 // CurrentThread returns the handle for the current thread.
    444 // It is a pseudo handle that does not need to be closed.
    445 func CurrentThread() Handle { return Handle(^uintptr(2 - 1)) }
    446 
    447 // GetProcAddressByOrdinal retrieves the address of the exported
    448 // function from module by ordinal.
    449 func GetProcAddressByOrdinal(module Handle, ordinal uintptr) (proc uintptr, err error) {
    450 	r0, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall(procGetProcAddress.Addr(), 2, uintptr(module), ordinal, 0)
    451 	proc = uintptr(r0)
    452 	if proc == 0 {
    453 		err = errnoErr(e1)
    454 	}
    455 	return
    456 }
    457 
    458 func Exit(code int) { ExitProcess(uint32(code)) }
    459 
    460 func makeInheritSa() *SecurityAttributes {
    461 	var sa SecurityAttributes
    462 	sa.Length = uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(sa))
    463 	sa.InheritHandle = 1
    464 	return &sa
    465 }
    466 
    467 func Open(path string, mode int, perm uint32) (fd Handle, err error) {
    468 	if len(path) == 0 {
    469 		return InvalidHandle, ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND
    470 	}
    471 	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
    472 	if err != nil {
    473 		return InvalidHandle, err
    474 	}
    475 	var access uint32
    476 	switch mode & (O_RDONLY | O_WRONLY | O_RDWR) {
    477 	case O_RDONLY:
    478 		access = GENERIC_READ
    479 	case O_WRONLY:
    480 		access = GENERIC_WRITE
    481 	case O_RDWR:
    482 		access = GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE
    483 	}
    484 	if mode&O_CREAT != 0 {
    485 		access |= GENERIC_WRITE
    486 	}
    487 	if mode&O_APPEND != 0 {
    488 		access &^= GENERIC_WRITE
    489 		access |= FILE_APPEND_DATA
    490 	}
    491 	sharemode := uint32(FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE)
    492 	var sa *SecurityAttributes
    493 	if mode&O_CLOEXEC == 0 {
    494 		sa = makeInheritSa()
    495 	}
    496 	var createmode uint32
    497 	switch {
    498 	case mode&(O_CREAT|O_EXCL) == (O_CREAT | O_EXCL):
    499 		createmode = CREATE_NEW
    500 	case mode&(O_CREAT|O_TRUNC) == (O_CREAT | O_TRUNC):
    501 		createmode = CREATE_ALWAYS
    502 	case mode&O_CREAT == O_CREAT:
    503 		createmode = OPEN_ALWAYS
    504 	case mode&O_TRUNC == O_TRUNC:
    505 		createmode = TRUNCATE_EXISTING
    506 	default:
    507 		createmode = OPEN_EXISTING
    508 	}
    509 	var attrs uint32 = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL
    510 	if perm&S_IWRITE == 0 {
    511 		attrs = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
    512 	}
    513 	h, e := CreateFile(pathp, access, sharemode, sa, createmode, attrs, 0)
    514 	return h, e
    515 }
    516 
    517 func Read(fd Handle, p []byte) (n int, err error) {
    518 	var done uint32
    519 	e := ReadFile(fd, p, &done, nil)
    520 	if e != nil {
    521 		if e == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE {
    522 			// NOTE(brainman): work around ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE is returned on reading EOF from stdin
    523 			return 0, nil
    524 		}
    525 		return 0, e
    526 	}
    527 	if raceenabled {
    528 		if done > 0 {
    529 			raceWriteRange(unsafe.Pointer(&p[0]), int(done))
    530 		}
    531 		raceAcquire(unsafe.Pointer(&ioSync))
    532 	}
    533 	return int(done), nil
    534 }
    535 
    536 func Write(fd Handle, p []byte) (n int, err error) {
    537 	if raceenabled {
    538 		raceReleaseMerge(unsafe.Pointer(&ioSync))
    539 	}
    540 	var done uint32
    541 	e := WriteFile(fd, p, &done, nil)
    542 	if e != nil {
    543 		return 0, e
    544 	}
    545 	if raceenabled && done > 0 {
    546 		raceReadRange(unsafe.Pointer(&p[0]), int(done))
    547 	}
    548 	return int(done), nil
    549 }
    550 
    551 var ioSync int64
    552 
    553 func Seek(fd Handle, offset int64, whence int) (newoffset int64, err error) {
    554 	var w uint32
    555 	switch whence {
    556 	case 0:
    557 		w = FILE_BEGIN
    558 	case 1:
    559 		w = FILE_CURRENT
    560 	case 2:
    561 		w = FILE_END
    562 	}
    563 	hi := int32(offset >> 32)
    564 	lo := int32(offset)
    565 	// use GetFileType to check pipe, pipe can't do seek
    566 	ft, _ := GetFileType(fd)
    567 	if ft == FILE_TYPE_PIPE {
    568 		return 0, syscall.EPIPE
    569 	}
    570 	rlo, e := SetFilePointer(fd, lo, &hi, w)
    571 	if e != nil {
    572 		return 0, e
    573 	}
    574 	return int64(hi)<<32 + int64(rlo), nil
    575 }
    576 
    577 func Close(fd Handle) (err error) {
    578 	return CloseHandle(fd)
    579 }
    580 
    581 var (
    582 	Stdin  = getStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE)
    583 	Stdout = getStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
    584 	Stderr = getStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE)
    585 )
    586 
    587 func getStdHandle(stdhandle uint32) (fd Handle) {
    588 	r, _ := GetStdHandle(stdhandle)
    589 	CloseOnExec(r)
    590 	return r
    591 }
    592 
    593 const ImplementsGetwd = true
    594 
    595 func Getwd() (wd string, err error) {
    596 	b := make([]uint16, 300)
    597 	n, e := GetCurrentDirectory(uint32(len(b)), &b[0])
    598 	if e != nil {
    599 		return "", e
    600 	}
    601 	return string(utf16.Decode(b[0:n])), nil
    602 }
    603 
    604 func Chdir(path string) (err error) {
    605 	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
    606 	if err != nil {
    607 		return err
    608 	}
    609 	return SetCurrentDirectory(pathp)
    610 }
    611 
    612 func Mkdir(path string, mode uint32) (err error) {
    613 	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
    614 	if err != nil {
    615 		return err
    616 	}
    617 	return CreateDirectory(pathp, nil)
    618 }
    619 
    620 func Rmdir(path string) (err error) {
    621 	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
    622 	if err != nil {
    623 		return err
    624 	}
    625 	return RemoveDirectory(pathp)
    626 }
    627 
    628 func Unlink(path string) (err error) {
    629 	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
    630 	if err != nil {
    631 		return err
    632 	}
    633 	return DeleteFile(pathp)
    634 }
    635 
    636 func Rename(oldpath, newpath string) (err error) {
    637 	from, err := UTF16PtrFromString(oldpath)
    638 	if err != nil {
    639 		return err
    640 	}
    641 	to, err := UTF16PtrFromString(newpath)
    642 	if err != nil {
    643 		return err
    644 	}
    645 	return MoveFileEx(from, to, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING)
    646 }
    647 
    648 func ComputerName() (name string, err error) {
    649 	var n uint32 = MAX_COMPUTERNAME_LENGTH + 1
    650 	b := make([]uint16, n)
    651 	e := GetComputerName(&b[0], &n)
    652 	if e != nil {
    653 		return "", e
    654 	}
    655 	return string(utf16.Decode(b[0:n])), nil
    656 }
    657 
    658 func DurationSinceBoot() time.Duration {
    659 	return time.Duration(getTickCount64()) * time.Millisecond
    660 }
    661 
    662 func Ftruncate(fd Handle, length int64) (err error) {
    663 	curoffset, e := Seek(fd, 0, 1)
    664 	if e != nil {
    665 		return e
    666 	}
    667 	defer Seek(fd, curoffset, 0)
    668 	_, e = Seek(fd, length, 0)
    669 	if e != nil {
    670 		return e
    671 	}
    672 	e = SetEndOfFile(fd)
    673 	if e != nil {
    674 		return e
    675 	}
    676 	return nil
    677 }
    678 
    679 func Gettimeofday(tv *Timeval) (err error) {
    680 	var ft Filetime
    681 	GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft)
    682 	*tv = NsecToTimeval(ft.Nanoseconds())
    683 	return nil
    684 }
    685 
    686 func Pipe(p []Handle) (err error) {
    687 	if len(p) != 2 {
    688 		return syscall.EINVAL
    689 	}
    690 	var r, w Handle
    691 	e := CreatePipe(&r, &w, makeInheritSa(), 0)
    692 	if e != nil {
    693 		return e
    694 	}
    695 	p[0] = r
    696 	p[1] = w
    697 	return nil
    698 }
    699 
    700 func Utimes(path string, tv []Timeval) (err error) {
    701 	if len(tv) != 2 {
    702 		return syscall.EINVAL
    703 	}
    704 	pathp, e := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
    705 	if e != nil {
    706 		return e
    707 	}
    708 	h, e := CreateFile(pathp,
    709 		FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES, FILE_SHARE_WRITE, nil,
    710 		OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, 0)
    711 	if e != nil {
    712 		return e
    713 	}
    714 	defer Close(h)
    715 	a := NsecToFiletime(tv[0].Nanoseconds())
    716 	w := NsecToFiletime(tv[1].Nanoseconds())
    717 	return SetFileTime(h, nil, &a, &w)
    718 }
    719 
    720 func UtimesNano(path string, ts []Timespec) (err error) {
    721 	if len(ts) != 2 {
    722 		return syscall.EINVAL
    723 	}
    724 	pathp, e := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
    725 	if e != nil {
    726 		return e
    727 	}
    728 	h, e := CreateFile(pathp,
    729 		FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES, FILE_SHARE_WRITE, nil,
    730 		OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, 0)
    731 	if e != nil {
    732 		return e
    733 	}
    734 	defer Close(h)
    735 	a := NsecToFiletime(TimespecToNsec(ts[0]))
    736 	w := NsecToFiletime(TimespecToNsec(ts[1]))
    737 	return SetFileTime(h, nil, &a, &w)
    738 }
    739 
    740 func Fsync(fd Handle) (err error) {
    741 	return FlushFileBuffers(fd)
    742 }
    743 
    744 func Chmod(path string, mode uint32) (err error) {
    745 	p, e := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
    746 	if e != nil {
    747 		return e
    748 	}
    749 	attrs, e := GetFileAttributes(p)
    750 	if e != nil {
    751 		return e
    752 	}
    753 	if mode&S_IWRITE != 0 {
    754 		attrs &^= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
    755 	} else {
    756 		attrs |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
    757 	}
    758 	return SetFileAttributes(p, attrs)
    759 }
    760 
    761 func LoadGetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime() error {
    762 	return procGetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime.Find()
    763 }
    764 
    765 func LoadCancelIoEx() error {
    766 	return procCancelIoEx.Find()
    767 }
    768 
    769 func LoadSetFileCompletionNotificationModes() error {
    770 	return procSetFileCompletionNotificationModes.Find()
    771 }
    772 
    773 func WaitForMultipleObjects(handles []Handle, waitAll bool, waitMilliseconds uint32) (event uint32, err error) {
    774 	// Every other win32 array API takes arguments as "pointer, count", except for this function. So we
    775 	// can't declare it as a usual [] type, because mksyscall will use the opposite order. We therefore
    776 	// trivially stub this ourselves.
    777 
    778 	var handlePtr *Handle
    779 	if len(handles) > 0 {
    780 		handlePtr = &handles[0]
    781 	}
    782 	return waitForMultipleObjects(uint32(len(handles)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(handlePtr)), waitAll, waitMilliseconds)
    783 }
    784 
    785 // net api calls
    786 
    787 const socket_error = uintptr(^uint32(0))
    788 
    789 //sys	WSAStartup(verreq uint32, data *WSAData) (sockerr error) = ws2_32.WSAStartup
    790 //sys	WSACleanup() (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSACleanup
    791 //sys	WSAIoctl(s Handle, iocc uint32, inbuf *byte, cbif uint32, outbuf *byte, cbob uint32, cbbr *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, completionRoutine uintptr) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSAIoctl
    792 //sys	socket(af int32, typ int32, protocol int32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = ws2_32.socket
    793 //sys	sendto(s Handle, buf []byte, flags int32, to unsafe.Pointer, tolen int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.sendto
    794 //sys	recvfrom(s Handle, buf []byte, flags int32, from *RawSockaddrAny, fromlen *int32) (n int32, err error) [failretval==-1] = ws2_32.recvfrom
    795 //sys	Setsockopt(s Handle, level int32, optname int32, optval *byte, optlen int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.setsockopt
    796 //sys	Getsockopt(s Handle, level int32, optname int32, optval *byte, optlen *int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.getsockopt
    797 //sys	bind(s Handle, name unsafe.Pointer, namelen int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.bind
    798 //sys	connect(s Handle, name unsafe.Pointer, namelen int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.connect
    799 //sys	getsockname(s Handle, rsa *RawSockaddrAny, addrlen *int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.getsockname
    800 //sys	getpeername(s Handle, rsa *RawSockaddrAny, addrlen *int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.getpeername
    801 //sys	listen(s Handle, backlog int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.listen
    802 //sys	shutdown(s Handle, how int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.shutdown
    803 //sys	Closesocket(s Handle) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.closesocket
    804 //sys	AcceptEx(ls Handle, as Handle, buf *byte, rxdatalen uint32, laddrlen uint32, raddrlen uint32, recvd *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error) = mswsock.AcceptEx
    805 //sys	GetAcceptExSockaddrs(buf *byte, rxdatalen uint32, laddrlen uint32, raddrlen uint32, lrsa **RawSockaddrAny, lrsalen *int32, rrsa **RawSockaddrAny, rrsalen *int32) = mswsock.GetAcceptExSockaddrs
    806 //sys	WSARecv(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, recvd *uint32, flags *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSARecv
    807 //sys	WSASend(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, sent *uint32, flags uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSASend
    808 //sys	WSARecvFrom(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, recvd *uint32, flags *uint32,  from *RawSockaddrAny, fromlen *int32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSARecvFrom
    809 //sys	WSASendTo(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, sent *uint32, flags uint32, to *RawSockaddrAny, tolen int32,  overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSASendTo
    810 //sys	WSASocket(af int32, typ int32, protocol int32, protoInfo *WSAProtocolInfo, group uint32, flags uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = ws2_32.WSASocketW
    811 //sys	GetHostByName(name string) (h *Hostent, err error) [failretval==nil] = ws2_32.gethostbyname
    812 //sys	GetServByName(name string, proto string) (s *Servent, err error) [failretval==nil] = ws2_32.getservbyname
    813 //sys	Ntohs(netshort uint16) (u uint16) = ws2_32.ntohs
    814 //sys	GetProtoByName(name string) (p *Protoent, err error) [failretval==nil] = ws2_32.getprotobyname
    815 //sys	DnsQuery(name string, qtype uint16, options uint32, extra *byte, qrs **DNSRecord, pr *byte) (status error) = dnsapi.DnsQuery_W
    816 //sys	DnsRecordListFree(rl *DNSRecord, freetype uint32) = dnsapi.DnsRecordListFree
    817 //sys	DnsNameCompare(name1 *uint16, name2 *uint16) (same bool) = dnsapi.DnsNameCompare_W
    818 //sys	GetAddrInfoW(nodename *uint16, servicename *uint16, hints *AddrinfoW, result **AddrinfoW) (sockerr error) = ws2_32.GetAddrInfoW
    819 //sys	FreeAddrInfoW(addrinfo *AddrinfoW) = ws2_32.FreeAddrInfoW
    820 //sys	GetIfEntry(pIfRow *MibIfRow) (errcode error) = iphlpapi.GetIfEntry
    821 //sys	GetAdaptersInfo(ai *IpAdapterInfo, ol *uint32) (errcode error) = iphlpapi.GetAdaptersInfo
    822 //sys	SetFileCompletionNotificationModes(handle Handle, flags uint8) (err error) = kernel32.SetFileCompletionNotificationModes
    823 //sys	WSAEnumProtocols(protocols *int32, protocolBuffer *WSAProtocolInfo, bufferLength *uint32) (n int32, err error) [failretval==-1] = ws2_32.WSAEnumProtocolsW
    824 //sys	WSAGetOverlappedResult(h Handle, o *Overlapped, bytes *uint32, wait bool, flags *uint32) (err error) = ws2_32.WSAGetOverlappedResult
    825 //sys	GetAdaptersAddresses(family uint32, flags uint32, reserved uintptr, adapterAddresses *IpAdapterAddresses, sizePointer *uint32) (errcode error) = iphlpapi.GetAdaptersAddresses
    826 //sys	GetACP() (acp uint32) = kernel32.GetACP
    827 //sys	MultiByteToWideChar(codePage uint32, dwFlags uint32, str *byte, nstr int32, wchar *uint16, nwchar int32) (nwrite int32, err error) = kernel32.MultiByteToWideChar
    828 
    829 // For testing: clients can set this flag to force
    830 // creation of IPv6 sockets to return EAFNOSUPPORT.
    831 var SocketDisableIPv6 bool
    832 
    833 type RawSockaddrInet4 struct {
    834 	Family uint16
    835 	Port   uint16
    836 	Addr   [4]byte /* in_addr */
    837 	Zero   [8]uint8
    838 }
    839 
    840 type RawSockaddrInet6 struct {
    841 	Family   uint16
    842 	Port     uint16
    843 	Flowinfo uint32
    844 	Addr     [16]byte /* in6_addr */
    845 	Scope_id uint32
    846 }
    847 
    848 type RawSockaddr struct {
    849 	Family uint16
    850 	Data   [14]int8
    851 }
    852 
    853 type RawSockaddrAny struct {
    854 	Addr RawSockaddr
    855 	Pad  [100]int8
    856 }
    857 
    858 type Sockaddr interface {
    859 	sockaddr() (ptr unsafe.Pointer, len int32, err error) // lowercase; only we can define Sockaddrs
    860 }
    861 
    862 type SockaddrInet4 struct {
    863 	Port int
    864 	Addr [4]byte
    865 	raw  RawSockaddrInet4
    866 }
    867 
    868 func (sa *SockaddrInet4) sockaddr() (unsafe.Pointer, int32, error) {
    869 	if sa.Port < 0 || sa.Port > 0xFFFF {
    870 		return nil, 0, syscall.EINVAL
    871 	}
    872 	sa.raw.Family = AF_INET
    873 	p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw.Port))
    874 	p[0] = byte(sa.Port >> 8)
    875 	p[1] = byte(sa.Port)
    876 	for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ {
    877 		sa.raw.Addr[i] = sa.Addr[i]
    878 	}
    879 	return unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(sa.raw)), nil
    880 }
    881 
    882 type SockaddrInet6 struct {
    883 	Port   int
    884 	ZoneId uint32
    885 	Addr   [16]byte
    886 	raw    RawSockaddrInet6
    887 }
    888 
    889 func (sa *SockaddrInet6) sockaddr() (unsafe.Pointer, int32, error) {
    890 	if sa.Port < 0 || sa.Port > 0xFFFF {
    891 		return nil, 0, syscall.EINVAL
    892 	}
    893 	sa.raw.Family = AF_INET6
    894 	p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw.Port))
    895 	p[0] = byte(sa.Port >> 8)
    896 	p[1] = byte(sa.Port)
    897 	sa.raw.Scope_id = sa.ZoneId
    898 	for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ {
    899 		sa.raw.Addr[i] = sa.Addr[i]
    900 	}
    901 	return unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(sa.raw)), nil
    902 }
    903 
    904 type RawSockaddrUnix struct {
    905 	Family uint16
    906 	Path   [UNIX_PATH_MAX]int8
    907 }
    908 
    909 type SockaddrUnix struct {
    910 	Name string
    911 	raw  RawSockaddrUnix
    912 }
    913 
    914 func (sa *SockaddrUnix) sockaddr() (unsafe.Pointer, int32, error) {
    915 	name := sa.Name
    916 	n := len(name)
    917 	if n > len(sa.raw.Path) {
    918 		return nil, 0, syscall.EINVAL
    919 	}
    920 	if n == len(sa.raw.Path) && name[0] != '@' {
    921 		return nil, 0, syscall.EINVAL
    922 	}
    923 	sa.raw.Family = AF_UNIX
    924 	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
    925 		sa.raw.Path[i] = int8(name[i])
    926 	}
    927 	// length is family (uint16), name, NUL.
    928 	sl := int32(2)
    929 	if n > 0 {
    930 		sl += int32(n) + 1
    931 	}
    932 	if sa.raw.Path[0] == '@' {
    933 		sa.raw.Path[0] = 0
    934 		// Don't count trailing NUL for abstract address.
    935 		sl--
    936 	}
    937 
    938 	return unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw), sl, nil
    939 }
    940 
    941 func (rsa *RawSockaddrAny) Sockaddr() (Sockaddr, error) {
    942 	switch rsa.Addr.Family {
    943 	case AF_UNIX:
    944 		pp := (*RawSockaddrUnix)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa))
    945 		sa := new(SockaddrUnix)
    946 		if pp.Path[0] == 0 {
    947 			// "Abstract" Unix domain socket.
    948 			// Rewrite leading NUL as @ for textual display.
    949 			// (This is the standard convention.)
    950 			// Not friendly to overwrite in place,
    951 			// but the callers below don't care.
    952 			pp.Path[0] = '@'
    953 		}
    954 
    955 		// Assume path ends at NUL.
    956 		// This is not technically the Linux semantics for
    957 		// abstract Unix domain sockets--they are supposed
    958 		// to be uninterpreted fixed-size binary blobs--but
    959 		// everyone uses this convention.
    960 		n := 0
    961 		for n < len(pp.Path) && pp.Path[n] != 0 {
    962 			n++
    963 		}
    964 		bytes := (*[len(pp.Path)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&pp.Path[0]))[0:n]
    965 		sa.Name = string(bytes)
    966 		return sa, nil
    967 
    968 	case AF_INET:
    969 		pp := (*RawSockaddrInet4)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa))
    970 		sa := new(SockaddrInet4)
    971 		p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&pp.Port))
    972 		sa.Port = int(p[0])<<8 + int(p[1])
    973 		for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ {
    974 			sa.Addr[i] = pp.Addr[i]
    975 		}
    976 		return sa, nil
    977 
    978 	case AF_INET6:
    979 		pp := (*RawSockaddrInet6)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa))
    980 		sa := new(SockaddrInet6)
    981 		p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&pp.Port))
    982 		sa.Port = int(p[0])<<8 + int(p[1])
    983 		sa.ZoneId = pp.Scope_id
    984 		for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ {
    985 			sa.Addr[i] = pp.Addr[i]
    986 		}
    987 		return sa, nil
    988 	}
    989 	return nil, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT
    990 }
    991 
    992 func Socket(domain, typ, proto int) (fd Handle, err error) {
    993 	if domain == AF_INET6 && SocketDisableIPv6 {
    994 		return InvalidHandle, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT
    995 	}
    996 	return socket(int32(domain), int32(typ), int32(proto))
    997 }
    998 
    999 func SetsockoptInt(fd Handle, level, opt int, value int) (err error) {
   1000 	v := int32(value)
   1001 	return Setsockopt(fd, int32(level), int32(opt), (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&v)), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(v)))
   1002 }
   1003 
   1004 func Bind(fd Handle, sa Sockaddr) (err error) {
   1005 	ptr, n, err := sa.sockaddr()
   1006 	if err != nil {
   1007 		return err
   1008 	}
   1009 	return bind(fd, ptr, n)
   1010 }
   1011 
   1012 func Connect(fd Handle, sa Sockaddr) (err error) {
   1013 	ptr, n, err := sa.sockaddr()
   1014 	if err != nil {
   1015 		return err
   1016 	}
   1017 	return connect(fd, ptr, n)
   1018 }
   1019 
   1020 func Getsockname(fd Handle) (sa Sockaddr, err error) {
   1021 	var rsa RawSockaddrAny
   1022 	l := int32(unsafe.Sizeof(rsa))
   1023 	if err = getsockname(fd, &rsa, &l); err != nil {
   1024 		return
   1025 	}
   1026 	return rsa.Sockaddr()
   1027 }
   1028 
   1029 func Getpeername(fd Handle) (sa Sockaddr, err error) {
   1030 	var rsa RawSockaddrAny
   1031 	l := int32(unsafe.Sizeof(rsa))
   1032 	if err = getpeername(fd, &rsa, &l); err != nil {
   1033 		return
   1034 	}
   1035 	return rsa.Sockaddr()
   1036 }
   1037 
   1038 func Listen(s Handle, n int) (err error) {
   1039 	return listen(s, int32(n))
   1040 }
   1041 
   1042 func Shutdown(fd Handle, how int) (err error) {
   1043 	return shutdown(fd, int32(how))
   1044 }
   1045 
   1046 func WSASendto(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, sent *uint32, flags uint32, to Sockaddr, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) {
   1047 	rsa, l, err := to.sockaddr()
   1048 	if err != nil {
   1049 		return err
   1050 	}
   1051 	return WSASendTo(s, bufs, bufcnt, sent, flags, (*RawSockaddrAny)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa)), l, overlapped, croutine)
   1052 }
   1053 
   1054 func LoadGetAddrInfo() error {
   1055 	return procGetAddrInfoW.Find()
   1056 }
   1057 
   1058 var connectExFunc struct {
   1059 	once sync.Once
   1060 	addr uintptr
   1061 	err  error
   1062 }
   1063 
   1064 func LoadConnectEx() error {
   1065 	connectExFunc.once.Do(func() {
   1066 		var s Handle
   1067 		s, connectExFunc.err = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)
   1068 		if connectExFunc.err != nil {
   1069 			return
   1070 		}
   1071 		defer CloseHandle(s)
   1072 		var n uint32
   1073 		connectExFunc.err = WSAIoctl(s,
   1074 			SIO_GET_EXTENSION_FUNCTION_POINTER,
   1075 			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&WSAID_CONNECTEX)),
   1076 			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(WSAID_CONNECTEX)),
   1077 			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&connectExFunc.addr)),
   1078 			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(connectExFunc.addr)),
   1079 			&n, nil, 0)
   1080 	})
   1081 	return connectExFunc.err
   1082 }
   1083 
   1084 func connectEx(s Handle, name unsafe.Pointer, namelen int32, sendBuf *byte, sendDataLen uint32, bytesSent *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error) {
   1085 	r1, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall9(connectExFunc.addr, 7, uintptr(s), uintptr(name), uintptr(namelen), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(sendBuf)), uintptr(sendDataLen), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(bytesSent)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(overlapped)), 0, 0)
   1086 	if r1 == 0 {
   1087 		if e1 != 0 {
   1088 			err = error(e1)
   1089 		} else {
   1090 			err = syscall.EINVAL
   1091 		}
   1092 	}
   1093 	return
   1094 }
   1095 
   1096 func ConnectEx(fd Handle, sa Sockaddr, sendBuf *byte, sendDataLen uint32, bytesSent *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) error {
   1097 	err := LoadConnectEx()
   1098 	if err != nil {
   1099 		return errorspkg.New("failed to find ConnectEx: " + err.Error())
   1100 	}
   1101 	ptr, n, err := sa.sockaddr()
   1102 	if err != nil {
   1103 		return err
   1104 	}
   1105 	return connectEx(fd, ptr, n, sendBuf, sendDataLen, bytesSent, overlapped)
   1106 }
   1107 
   1108 var sendRecvMsgFunc struct {
   1109 	once     sync.Once
   1110 	sendAddr uintptr
   1111 	recvAddr uintptr
   1112 	err      error
   1113 }
   1114 
   1115 func loadWSASendRecvMsg() error {
   1116 	sendRecvMsgFunc.once.Do(func() {
   1117 		var s Handle
   1118 		s, sendRecvMsgFunc.err = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP)
   1119 		if sendRecvMsgFunc.err != nil {
   1120 			return
   1121 		}
   1122 		defer CloseHandle(s)
   1123 		var n uint32
   1124 		sendRecvMsgFunc.err = WSAIoctl(s,
   1125 			SIO_GET_EXTENSION_FUNCTION_POINTER,
   1126 			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&WSAID_WSARECVMSG)),
   1127 			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(WSAID_WSARECVMSG)),
   1128 			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sendRecvMsgFunc.recvAddr)),
   1129 			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(sendRecvMsgFunc.recvAddr)),
   1130 			&n, nil, 0)
   1131 		if sendRecvMsgFunc.err != nil {
   1132 			return
   1133 		}
   1134 		sendRecvMsgFunc.err = WSAIoctl(s,
   1135 			SIO_GET_EXTENSION_FUNCTION_POINTER,
   1136 			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&WSAID_WSASENDMSG)),
   1137 			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(WSAID_WSASENDMSG)),
   1138 			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sendRecvMsgFunc.sendAddr)),
   1139 			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(sendRecvMsgFunc.sendAddr)),
   1140 			&n, nil, 0)
   1141 	})
   1142 	return sendRecvMsgFunc.err
   1143 }
   1144 
   1145 func WSASendMsg(fd Handle, msg *WSAMsg, flags uint32, bytesSent *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) error {
   1146 	err := loadWSASendRecvMsg()
   1147 	if err != nil {
   1148 		return err
   1149 	}
   1150 	r1, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall6(sendRecvMsgFunc.sendAddr, 6, uintptr(fd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(msg)), uintptr(flags), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(bytesSent)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(overlapped)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(croutine)))
   1151 	if r1 == socket_error {
   1152 		err = errnoErr(e1)
   1153 	}
   1154 	return err
   1155 }
   1156 
   1157 func WSARecvMsg(fd Handle, msg *WSAMsg, bytesReceived *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) error {
   1158 	err := loadWSASendRecvMsg()
   1159 	if err != nil {
   1160 		return err
   1161 	}
   1162 	r1, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall6(sendRecvMsgFunc.recvAddr, 5, uintptr(fd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(msg)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(bytesReceived)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(overlapped)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(croutine)), 0)
   1163 	if r1 == socket_error {
   1164 		err = errnoErr(e1)
   1165 	}
   1166 	return err
   1167 }
   1168 
   1169 // Invented structures to support what package os expects.
   1170 type Rusage struct {
   1171 	CreationTime Filetime
   1172 	ExitTime     Filetime
   1173 	KernelTime   Filetime
   1174 	UserTime     Filetime
   1175 }
   1176 
   1177 type WaitStatus struct {
   1178 	ExitCode uint32
   1179 }
   1180 
   1181 func (w WaitStatus) Exited() bool { return true }
   1182 
   1183 func (w WaitStatus) ExitStatus() int { return int(w.ExitCode) }
   1184 
   1185 func (w WaitStatus) Signal() Signal { return -1 }
   1186 
   1187 func (w WaitStatus) CoreDump() bool { return false }
   1188 
   1189 func (w WaitStatus) Stopped() bool { return false }
   1190 
   1191 func (w WaitStatus) Continued() bool { return false }
   1192 
   1193 func (w WaitStatus) StopSignal() Signal { return -1 }
   1194 
   1195 func (w WaitStatus) Signaled() bool { return false }
   1196 
   1197 func (w WaitStatus) TrapCause() int { return -1 }
   1198 
   1199 // Timespec is an invented structure on Windows, but here for
   1200 // consistency with the corresponding package for other operating systems.
   1201 type Timespec struct {
   1202 	Sec  int64
   1203 	Nsec int64
   1204 }
   1205 
   1206 func TimespecToNsec(ts Timespec) int64 { return int64(ts.Sec)*1e9 + int64(ts.Nsec) }
   1207 
   1208 func NsecToTimespec(nsec int64) (ts Timespec) {
   1209 	ts.Sec = nsec / 1e9
   1210 	ts.Nsec = nsec % 1e9
   1211 	return
   1212 }
   1213 
   1214 // TODO(brainman): fix all needed for net
   1215 
   1216 func Accept(fd Handle) (nfd Handle, sa Sockaddr, err error) { return 0, nil, syscall.EWINDOWS }
   1217 
   1218 func Recvfrom(fd Handle, p []byte, flags int) (n int, from Sockaddr, err error) {
   1219 	var rsa RawSockaddrAny
   1220 	l := int32(unsafe.Sizeof(rsa))
   1221 	n32, err := recvfrom(fd, p, int32(flags), &rsa, &l)
   1222 	n = int(n32)
   1223 	if err != nil {
   1224 		return
   1225 	}
   1226 	from, err = rsa.Sockaddr()
   1227 	return
   1228 }
   1229 
   1230 func Sendto(fd Handle, p []byte, flags int, to Sockaddr) (err error) {
   1231 	ptr, l, err := to.sockaddr()
   1232 	if err != nil {
   1233 		return err
   1234 	}
   1235 	return sendto(fd, p, int32(flags), ptr, l)
   1236 }
   1237 
   1238 func SetsockoptTimeval(fd Handle, level, opt int, tv *Timeval) (err error) { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
   1239 
   1240 // The Linger struct is wrong but we only noticed after Go 1.
   1241 // sysLinger is the real system call structure.
   1242 
   1243 // BUG(brainman): The definition of Linger is not appropriate for direct use
   1244 // with Setsockopt and Getsockopt.
   1245 // Use SetsockoptLinger instead.
   1246 
   1247 type Linger struct {
   1248 	Onoff  int32
   1249 	Linger int32
   1250 }
   1251 
   1252 type sysLinger struct {
   1253 	Onoff  uint16
   1254 	Linger uint16
   1255 }
   1256 
   1257 type IPMreq struct {
   1258 	Multiaddr [4]byte /* in_addr */
   1259 	Interface [4]byte /* in_addr */
   1260 }
   1261 
   1262 type IPv6Mreq struct {
   1263 	Multiaddr [16]byte /* in6_addr */
   1264 	Interface uint32
   1265 }
   1266 
   1267 func GetsockoptInt(fd Handle, level, opt int) (int, error) {
   1268 	v := int32(0)
   1269 	l := int32(unsafe.Sizeof(v))
   1270 	err := Getsockopt(fd, int32(level), int32(opt), (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&v)), &l)
   1271 	return int(v), err
   1272 }
   1273 
   1274 func SetsockoptLinger(fd Handle, level, opt int, l *Linger) (err error) {
   1275 	sys := sysLinger{Onoff: uint16(l.Onoff), Linger: uint16(l.Linger)}
   1276 	return Setsockopt(fd, int32(level), int32(opt), (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sys)), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(sys)))
   1277 }
   1278 
   1279 func SetsockoptInet4Addr(fd Handle, level, opt int, value [4]byte) (err error) {
   1280 	return Setsockopt(fd, int32(level), int32(opt), (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&value[0])), 4)
   1281 }
   1282 func SetsockoptIPMreq(fd Handle, level, opt int, mreq *IPMreq) (err error) {
   1283 	return Setsockopt(fd, int32(level), int32(opt), (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(mreq)), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(*mreq)))
   1284 }
   1285 func SetsockoptIPv6Mreq(fd Handle, level, opt int, mreq *IPv6Mreq) (err error) {
   1286 	return syscall.EWINDOWS
   1287 }
   1288 
   1289 func Getpid() (pid int) { return int(GetCurrentProcessId()) }
   1290 
   1291 func FindFirstFile(name *uint16, data *Win32finddata) (handle Handle, err error) {
   1292 	// NOTE(rsc): The Win32finddata struct is wrong for the system call:
   1293 	// the two paths are each one uint16 short. Use the correct struct,
   1294 	// a win32finddata1, and then copy the results out.
   1295 	// There is no loss of expressivity here, because the final
   1296 	// uint16, if it is used, is supposed to be a NUL, and Go doesn't need that.
   1297 	// For Go 1.1, we might avoid the allocation of win32finddata1 here
   1298 	// by adding a final Bug [2]uint16 field to the struct and then
   1299 	// adjusting the fields in the result directly.
   1300 	var data1 win32finddata1
   1301 	handle, err = findFirstFile1(name, &data1)
   1302 	if err == nil {
   1303 		copyFindData(data, &data1)
   1304 	}
   1305 	return
   1306 }
   1307 
   1308 func FindNextFile(handle Handle, data *Win32finddata) (err error) {
   1309 	var data1 win32finddata1
   1310 	err = findNextFile1(handle, &data1)
   1311 	if err == nil {
   1312 		copyFindData(data, &data1)
   1313 	}
   1314 	return
   1315 }
   1316 
   1317 func getProcessEntry(pid int) (*ProcessEntry32, error) {
   1318 	snapshot, err := CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0)
   1319 	if err != nil {
   1320 		return nil, err
   1321 	}
   1322 	defer CloseHandle(snapshot)
   1323 	var procEntry ProcessEntry32
   1324 	procEntry.Size = uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(procEntry))
   1325 	if err = Process32First(snapshot, &procEntry); err != nil {
   1326 		return nil, err
   1327 	}
   1328 	for {
   1329 		if procEntry.ProcessID == uint32(pid) {
   1330 			return &procEntry, nil
   1331 		}
   1332 		err = Process32Next(snapshot, &procEntry)
   1333 		if err != nil {
   1334 			return nil, err
   1335 		}
   1336 	}
   1337 }
   1338 
   1339 func Getppid() (ppid int) {
   1340 	pe, err := getProcessEntry(Getpid())
   1341 	if err != nil {
   1342 		return -1
   1343 	}
   1344 	return int(pe.ParentProcessID)
   1345 }
   1346 
   1347 // TODO(brainman): fix all needed for os
   1348 func Fchdir(fd Handle) (err error)             { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
   1349 func Link(oldpath, newpath string) (err error) { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
   1350 func Symlink(path, link string) (err error)    { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
   1351 
   1352 func Fchmod(fd Handle, mode uint32) (err error)        { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
   1353 func Chown(path string, uid int, gid int) (err error)  { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
   1354 func Lchown(path string, uid int, gid int) (err error) { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
   1355 func Fchown(fd Handle, uid int, gid int) (err error)   { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
   1356 
   1357 func Getuid() (uid int)                  { return -1 }
   1358 func Geteuid() (euid int)                { return -1 }
   1359 func Getgid() (gid int)                  { return -1 }
   1360 func Getegid() (egid int)                { return -1 }
   1361 func Getgroups() (gids []int, err error) { return nil, syscall.EWINDOWS }
   1362 
   1363 type Signal int
   1364 
   1365 func (s Signal) Signal() {}
   1366 
   1367 func (s Signal) String() string {
   1368 	if 0 <= s && int(s) < len(signals) {
   1369 		str := signals[s]
   1370 		if str != "" {
   1371 			return str
   1372 		}
   1373 	}
   1374 	return "signal " + itoa(int(s))
   1375 }
   1376 
   1377 func LoadCreateSymbolicLink() error {
   1378 	return procCreateSymbolicLinkW.Find()
   1379 }
   1380 
   1381 // Readlink returns the destination of the named symbolic link.
   1382 func Readlink(path string, buf []byte) (n int, err error) {
   1383 	fd, err := CreateFile(StringToUTF16Ptr(path), GENERIC_READ, 0, nil, OPEN_EXISTING,
   1384 		FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT|FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, 0)
   1385 	if err != nil {
   1386 		return -1, err
   1387 	}
   1388 	defer CloseHandle(fd)
   1389 
   1390 	rdbbuf := make([]byte, MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE)
   1391 	var bytesReturned uint32
   1392 	err = DeviceIoControl(fd, FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT, nil, 0, &rdbbuf[0], uint32(len(rdbbuf)), &bytesReturned, nil)
   1393 	if err != nil {
   1394 		return -1, err
   1395 	}
   1396 
   1397 	rdb := (*reparseDataBuffer)(unsafe.Pointer(&rdbbuf[0]))
   1398 	var s string
   1399 	switch rdb.ReparseTag {
   1400 	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK:
   1401 		data := (*symbolicLinkReparseBuffer)(unsafe.Pointer(&rdb.reparseBuffer))
   1402 		p := (*[0xffff]uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(&data.PathBuffer[0]))
   1403 		s = UTF16ToString(p[data.PrintNameOffset/2 : (data.PrintNameLength-data.PrintNameOffset)/2])
   1404 	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT:
   1405 		data := (*mountPointReparseBuffer)(unsafe.Pointer(&rdb.reparseBuffer))
   1406 		p := (*[0xffff]uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(&data.PathBuffer[0]))
   1407 		s = UTF16ToString(p[data.PrintNameOffset/2 : (data.PrintNameLength-data.PrintNameOffset)/2])
   1408 	default:
   1409 		// the path is not a symlink or junction but another type of reparse
   1410 		// point
   1411 		return -1, syscall.ENOENT
   1412 	}
   1413 	n = copy(buf, []byte(s))
   1414 
   1415 	return n, nil
   1416 }
   1417 
   1418 // GUIDFromString parses a string in the form of
   1419 // "{XXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX}" into a GUID.
   1420 func GUIDFromString(str string) (GUID, error) {
   1421 	guid := GUID{}
   1422 	str16, err := syscall.UTF16PtrFromString(str)
   1423 	if err != nil {
   1424 		return guid, err
   1425 	}
   1426 	err = clsidFromString(str16, &guid)
   1427 	if err != nil {
   1428 		return guid, err
   1429 	}
   1430 	return guid, nil
   1431 }
   1432 
   1433 // GenerateGUID creates a new random GUID.
   1434 func GenerateGUID() (GUID, error) {
   1435 	guid := GUID{}
   1436 	err := coCreateGuid(&guid)
   1437 	if err != nil {
   1438 		return guid, err
   1439 	}
   1440 	return guid, nil
   1441 }
   1442 
   1443 // String returns the canonical string form of the GUID,
   1444 // in the form of "{XXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX}".
   1445 func (guid GUID) String() string {
   1446 	var str [100]uint16
   1447 	chars := stringFromGUID2(&guid, &str[0], int32(len(str)))
   1448 	if chars <= 1 {
   1449 		return ""
   1450 	}
   1451 	return string(utf16.Decode(str[:chars-1]))
   1452 }
   1453 
   1454 // KnownFolderPath returns a well-known folder path for the current user, specified by one of
   1455 // the FOLDERID_ constants, and chosen and optionally created based on a KF_ flag.
   1456 func KnownFolderPath(folderID *KNOWNFOLDERID, flags uint32) (string, error) {
   1457 	return Token(0).KnownFolderPath(folderID, flags)
   1458 }
   1459 
   1460 // KnownFolderPath returns a well-known folder path for the user token, specified by one of
   1461 // the FOLDERID_ constants, and chosen and optionally created based on a KF_ flag.
   1462 func (t Token) KnownFolderPath(folderID *KNOWNFOLDERID, flags uint32) (string, error) {
   1463 	var p *uint16
   1464 	err := shGetKnownFolderPath(folderID, flags, t, &p)
   1465 	if err != nil {
   1466 		return "", err
   1467 	}
   1468 	defer CoTaskMemFree(unsafe.Pointer(p))
   1469 	return UTF16PtrToString(p), nil
   1470 }
   1471 
   1472 // RtlGetVersion returns the version of the underlying operating system, ignoring
   1473 // manifest semantics but is affected by the application compatibility layer.
   1474 func RtlGetVersion() *OsVersionInfoEx {
   1475 	info := &OsVersionInfoEx{}
   1476 	info.osVersionInfoSize = uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(*info))
   1477 	// According to documentation, this function always succeeds.
   1478 	// The function doesn't even check the validity of the
   1479 	// osVersionInfoSize member. Disassembling ntdll.dll indicates
   1480 	// that the documentation is indeed correct about that.
   1481 	_ = rtlGetVersion(info)
   1482 	return info
   1483 }
   1484 
   1485 // RtlGetNtVersionNumbers returns the version of the underlying operating system,
   1486 // ignoring manifest semantics and the application compatibility layer.
   1487 func RtlGetNtVersionNumbers() (majorVersion, minorVersion, buildNumber uint32) {
   1488 	rtlGetNtVersionNumbers(&majorVersion, &minorVersion, &buildNumber)
   1489 	buildNumber &= 0xffff
   1490 	return
   1491 }
   1492 
   1493 // GetProcessPreferredUILanguages retrieves the process preferred UI languages.
   1494 func GetProcessPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32) ([]string, error) {
   1495 	return getUILanguages(flags, getProcessPreferredUILanguages)
   1496 }
   1497 
   1498 // GetThreadPreferredUILanguages retrieves the thread preferred UI languages for the current thread.
   1499 func GetThreadPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32) ([]string, error) {
   1500 	return getUILanguages(flags, getThreadPreferredUILanguages)
   1501 }
   1502 
   1503 // GetUserPreferredUILanguages retrieves information about the user preferred UI languages.
   1504 func GetUserPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32) ([]string, error) {
   1505 	return getUILanguages(flags, getUserPreferredUILanguages)
   1506 }
   1507 
   1508 // GetSystemPreferredUILanguages retrieves the system preferred UI languages.
   1509 func GetSystemPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32) ([]string, error) {
   1510 	return getUILanguages(flags, getSystemPreferredUILanguages)
   1511 }
   1512 
   1513 func getUILanguages(flags uint32, f func(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) error) ([]string, error) {
   1514 	size := uint32(128)
   1515 	for {
   1516 		var numLanguages uint32
   1517 		buf := make([]uint16, size)
   1518 		err := f(flags, &numLanguages, &buf[0], &size)
   1519 		if err == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER {
   1520 			continue
   1521 		}
   1522 		if err != nil {
   1523 			return nil, err
   1524 		}
   1525 		buf = buf[:size]
   1526 		if numLanguages == 0 || len(buf) == 0 { // GetProcessPreferredUILanguages may return numLanguages==0 with "\0\0"
   1527 			return []string{}, nil
   1528 		}
   1529 		if buf[len(buf)-1] == 0 {
   1530 			buf = buf[:len(buf)-1] // remove terminating null
   1531 		}
   1532 		languages := make([]string, 0, numLanguages)
   1533 		from := 0
   1534 		for i, c := range buf {
   1535 			if c == 0 {
   1536 				languages = append(languages, string(utf16.Decode(buf[from:i])))
   1537 				from = i + 1
   1538 			}
   1539 		}
   1540 		return languages, nil
   1541 	}
   1542 }
   1543 
   1544 func SetConsoleCursorPosition(console Handle, position Coord) error {
   1545 	return setConsoleCursorPosition(console, *((*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&position))))
   1546 }
   1547 
   1548 func (s NTStatus) Errno() syscall.Errno {
   1549 	return rtlNtStatusToDosErrorNoTeb(s)
   1550 }
   1551 
   1552 func langID(pri, sub uint16) uint32 { return uint32(sub)<<10 | uint32(pri) }
   1553 
   1554 func (s NTStatus) Error() string {
   1555 	b := make([]uint16, 300)
   1556 	n, err := FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM|FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_HMODULE|FORMAT_MESSAGE_ARGUMENT_ARRAY, modntdll.Handle(), uint32(s), langID(LANG_ENGLISH, SUBLANG_ENGLISH_US), b, nil)
   1557 	if err != nil {
   1558 		return fmt.Sprintf("NTSTATUS 0x%08x", uint32(s))
   1559 	}
   1560 	// trim terminating \r and \n
   1561 	for ; n > 0 && (b[n-1] == '\n' || b[n-1] == '\r'); n-- {
   1562 	}
   1563 	return string(utf16.Decode(b[:n]))
   1564 }
   1565 
   1566 // NewNTUnicodeString returns a new NTUnicodeString structure for use with native
   1567 // NT APIs that work over the NTUnicodeString type. Note that most Windows APIs
   1568 // do not use NTUnicodeString, and instead UTF16PtrFromString should be used for
   1569 // the more common *uint16 string type.
   1570 func NewNTUnicodeString(s string) (*NTUnicodeString, error) {
   1571 	var u NTUnicodeString
   1572 	s16, err := UTF16PtrFromString(s)
   1573 	if err != nil {
   1574 		return nil, err
   1575 	}
   1576 	RtlInitUnicodeString(&u, s16)
   1577 	return &u, nil
   1578 }
   1579 
   1580 // Slice returns a uint16 slice that aliases the data in the NTUnicodeString.
   1581 func (s *NTUnicodeString) Slice() []uint16 {
   1582 	var slice []uint16
   1583 	hdr := (*unsafeheader.Slice)(unsafe.Pointer(&slice))
   1584 	hdr.Data = unsafe.Pointer(s.Buffer)
   1585 	hdr.Len = int(s.Length)
   1586 	hdr.Cap = int(s.MaximumLength)
   1587 	return slice
   1588 }
   1589 
   1590 func (s *NTUnicodeString) String() string {
   1591 	return UTF16ToString(s.Slice())
   1592 }
   1593 
   1594 // NewNTString returns a new NTString structure for use with native
   1595 // NT APIs that work over the NTString type. Note that most Windows APIs
   1596 // do not use NTString, and instead UTF16PtrFromString should be used for
   1597 // the more common *uint16 string type.
   1598 func NewNTString(s string) (*NTString, error) {
   1599 	var nts NTString
   1600 	s8, err := BytePtrFromString(s)
   1601 	if err != nil {
   1602 		return nil, err
   1603 	}
   1604 	RtlInitString(&nts, s8)
   1605 	return &nts, nil
   1606 }
   1607 
   1608 // Slice returns a byte slice that aliases the data in the NTString.
   1609 func (s *NTString) Slice() []byte {
   1610 	var slice []byte
   1611 	hdr := (*unsafeheader.Slice)(unsafe.Pointer(&slice))
   1612 	hdr.Data = unsafe.Pointer(s.Buffer)
   1613 	hdr.Len = int(s.Length)
   1614 	hdr.Cap = int(s.MaximumLength)
   1615 	return slice
   1616 }
   1617 
   1618 func (s *NTString) String() string {
   1619 	return ByteSliceToString(s.Slice())
   1620 }
   1621 
   1622 // FindResource resolves a resource of the given name and resource type.
   1623 func FindResource(module Handle, name, resType ResourceIDOrString) (Handle, error) {
   1624 	var namePtr, resTypePtr uintptr
   1625 	var name16, resType16 *uint16
   1626 	var err error
   1627 	resolvePtr := func(i interface{}, keep **uint16) (uintptr, error) {
   1628 		switch v := i.(type) {
   1629 		case string:
   1630 			*keep, err = UTF16PtrFromString(v)
   1631 			if err != nil {
   1632 				return 0, err
   1633 			}
   1634 			return uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(*keep)), nil
   1635 		case ResourceID:
   1636 			return uintptr(v), nil
   1637 		}
   1638 		return 0, errorspkg.New("parameter must be a ResourceID or a string")
   1639 	}
   1640 	namePtr, err = resolvePtr(name, &name16)
   1641 	if err != nil {
   1642 		return 0, err
   1643 	}
   1644 	resTypePtr, err = resolvePtr(resType, &resType16)
   1645 	if err != nil {
   1646 		return 0, err
   1647 	}
   1648 	resInfo, err := findResource(module, namePtr, resTypePtr)
   1649 	runtime.KeepAlive(name16)
   1650 	runtime.KeepAlive(resType16)
   1651 	return resInfo, err
   1652 }
   1653 
   1654 func LoadResourceData(module, resInfo Handle) (data []byte, err error) {
   1655 	size, err := SizeofResource(module, resInfo)
   1656 	if err != nil {
   1657 		return
   1658 	}
   1659 	resData, err := LoadResource(module, resInfo)
   1660 	if err != nil {
   1661 		return
   1662 	}
   1663 	ptr, err := LockResource(resData)
   1664 	if err != nil {
   1665 		return
   1666 	}
   1667 	h := (*unsafeheader.Slice)(unsafe.Pointer(&data))
   1668 	h.Data = unsafe.Pointer(ptr)
   1669 	h.Len = int(size)
   1670 	h.Cap = int(size)
   1671 	return
   1672 }